My "Cheap" Thrill

After busying with my P6 students in preparing their PSLE (Primary School Leaving Exams) and the younger ones in their final year exams, I've finally gotten a chance to take a break and catch up in my blogging.

As a tutor or teacher, I'm glad that most of my kids have done well. I was thrilled when I heard news of their academic results particularly how much they have improved.

Joanne, for example, a slow learner managed to leap to 53% from 38% in her Science. Kristal, my brillant P4 girl, scored 79% from 65% in her Maths. Adeline, who flung her P6 Preliminary Exams Math, managed to get a B from C in her PSLE even though I only spent a month to help her. And Yee Xuan who got 249 in her PSLE T-score from 220 plus in her prelim exams. There are many more...

In short, news of my students' improvement simply thrills me.

Most parents I know would simply look at the grades of their child. Whenever the kid could not get 90s or the perfect 100 score, they would deem their child academic performance as weak. I find such perception of their kid is so unfair and unkind. The goal or target they set for their child is so unrealistic. Often I would have to re-direct them to see their child's progress - the percentage of improvement from previous work. To me, this is a more realistic view of the child's academic effort.

My Niece, the Motivated Saver

Not long ago, I brought my niece and nephew to deposit their savings. Surprisingly the girl had managed to accumulate a substantial amount of money since our last trip there in June. With a single deposit of $100 into her POSBkids account, she was awarded with a “well done” rubber chop.

Beaming with pride as we trudged out of the bank, she audaciously declared that she is aiming to save to hit the next level of $300 by year end. The cheap plastic hand-held game, which worth $5 or less, is now her new target.

I told her frankly that amount was too ambitious to achieve within 6 months. Base on my calculation, it would take her a year to accumulate this money.

Maybe her Math is poor or she is plain ignorant. The 10-yr-old, nevertheless, seems to have made up her mind to achieve that goal by this December.

On top of her daily school allowance of $2, my niece reasoned that with the $4 she earns from her mum in babysitting her baby brother, and $10 from dad in washing up their master-bedroom toilet, she is very confident that she can work to earn and save the $300.

I’m really very amazed as well as impressed by her gungho and entrepreneur spirit.

My Niece, the Self-Motivated Learner

Two weeks ago, before the Nov-Dec school holiday started, my 10-yr-old niece called and told me that she had some good as well as very bad news for me. She disclosed that she had done very well in her English and Chinese final year exams. Her English is Band 1 with 25% score improvement, her Chinese is Band 2 with more than 100% improvement. Her Science has improved by 18% but her Math is in red.

I appraised her for such drastic improvement in most of her subjects and asked her if her school teachers have done anything special in helping her. Without any hint of bashfulness, she boldly claimed that she has made up her mind to do well and has been pushing herself hard to excel.

I saw my 10-yr-old has become a self-motivated learner.

For years, she has been having remedial evening classes with her school teachers but her academic results are often hovering around 40s and 50s.

I noticed that ever since the bank trip, my 10-yr-old has matured and learnt how to set targets herself – first in her daily saving, now in her academic achievements. I’m very proud of her and hope that she will overcome her apprehension of Math and strive to excel in that subject soon.

Finally My Nephew is Learning The Value of Saving

Last Thursday I finally brought my 9 years-old nephew to the bank together with his sister. The last time he went to deposit his saving was two years back in 2008.

Unlike the sister, the boy did not save much. He splurged on soft drinks, stationary and others with his daily pocket allowances. Hence, he only managed to accumulate $40 over a span of 2 years while his sister has achieved 4 times that amount of money.

He was all excited admiring the new numeric updated in his bank book when we left the bank. His sister was awarded with a "Well done" rubber chop for her $100 deposit that day. And the boy was determined to have his future saving to catch up with the sister's.

2 days ago, my sister-in-law told me that the boy started to "charge" her $1 for making her coffee. She was quite amused.

My niece told me that her mother would award her $4 for babysitting her baby brother for her. She proudly told me that's one of her best and quickest way to generate money for saving. Concerned about her character-building, I casually asked her about her motive whenever it comes to helping her mum. Does it always have to be the monetary awards or simply because she is being helpful? Without blinking an eye, she said it is the second one.

I'm quite pleased that the kids have began to be more aware of the importance of saving after the bank trip and are creative in ways to accumulate wealth at their level. On the other hand, I do hope that this new found desire would not "contaminate" their childlike traits of being helpful.

How The Rich Perceives Things

This is a funny story i heard from the pulpit...

A son of an oil Sheikh is studying in a university in England. Everyday he would drive his golden Lambogini sport car to campus.

He emailed his dad one day telling him his shock that all his classmates and even lecturers took trains and buses to campus. A few days later, his dad replied: "Son stop embarrassing yourself and disgracing me, here is $ 20 million pounds. Go and get yourself a train."

:)

Educational stress in Singapore

Just yesterday, my pastor sounded out her alarm of how stressful Singapore kids are nowadays. Many local parents have to teach their kids how to add, subtract, write and read BEFORE sending their kids to primary school. Foreigners who are not familiar with our system often would find our educational system stressful and their kids suffer some kind of "cultural" shock.

Yes, I also find this amusing. Many primary 1 and 2 teachers often expect their students able to read and write before being enrolled into their schools. Those students who cannot read well would often be separated to a different reading class for catching-up work. As far as I know, not many teachers enjoy teaching these slow developers. It’s carnal, with such kids, it is difficult for the principal to grade your performance as a teacher or appreciate you.

Many teaching materials in school are catered for the so-called "mainstream" students who know how to read and write, and can do pretty well academically. So the test or exam papers set by the school would be for this kind of students. Those kids who are not often struggle and not able to do well. It's hilarious - out of 10 classes, only 1-2 classes are made up of "mainstream" students. So you can imagine how an average student would fare in their exam papers.

I have a bright P2 tuition kid whose parents are companies' executives. At her age, she can read relatively well. She can easily answer many direct comprehension questions but not those with hidden meanings. She goes to a neighborhood school. However, her parents are often stressed out by the frequent tropical tests the school would conduct fortnightly.

On top of my tuition assignment and schoolwork, the girl has to complete those issued by her anxious mother. This is the normal trend I’ve been observing as a tutor for bright and intelligent kids. Often thing would spiral to a point that the child loss the interest or motivation to excel because their “work” never seem to end. This I often caution the parents but still not able to tame down their fear.

On the contrary, I have a P4 girl whose parents are blue-collar workers. Unlike my P2 girl, she does not read well. She struggles in her comprehension, composition, vocabulary and even grammar. Her mother shows concern of her academic performance but is not consistent in “helping” the girl.

Two weeks ago, there was a short term break from school, just a week. This girl was found absent from my tuition class. Her mother reasoned that since it was a school holiday, her child deserved a break from tuition too.

Yes, the kind of background or occupation the parents have does make a lot of difference in their kids' academic performance. But how does a school cope with such disparity in the performances of their kids?

Amongst my school teacher friends, it’s a known fact that many of our local principals are young and ambitious. They strive to be successful in their career and achievement. Look at all the medals of achievement they have gotten for their schools. And they are still collecting.

Genuinely caring and loving principals are rare gems. I remember I have such principals in my school years back. They showed concern for latch-key kids and started activities or programs for them. They visited and encouraged these kids often. They would regularly stroll around their school compound to engage their students, teachers and even school-workers. They are the one who have left a legacy of goodness and grace but most of them have already retired.

If we would have this kind of educational leaders in our system, I believe our kids’ academic and personal development would be more enjoyable and meaningful.

Lanterns of Mid-Autumn Festival - 22/9/2010

As we move into 21st century, the annual mid-autumn festival has been celebrated with different fanfare than those in the 70s-80s. Those are my growing up years.

I remember clearly that during those days we only have one type of lantern to carry about and that's the paper lantern. They usually comes in 2 versions. One with transluscent colorful papers stick onto bamboo structures of various shapes and sizes. The other is the circular collapsible one which can be easily erected by pulling up the wire over its top to form a simple cylinder encasing the burning candle.

As young kids, my siblings and I would often need our parents to help us light up the candles and fix them into these paper lanterns before we ventured into dark corners with these fanciful "toys". Their dim glow gave us a sense of unexplainable delight in the dark "mysterious" corners of our playground. The challenge then was how to carry the bamboo ones in such a way that its flickering flame would not be blown-off by the wind. Those who were reckless or inexperienced would quickly have their lanterns burnt into ashes, ending their fun in the dark playground.

Later as we grew older, we began to light-up our own lanterns. It was a different fun for us. Alighting the candles, sticking them into the metallic candle-base and erecting the collapsible lanterns all need different set of skills and were challenging to us. Nevertheless, we began to enjoy this more. We started to volunteer to light-up the lanterns for the younger playmates in the neighbourhood instead of carrying our lanterns around. Sometimes, we would get so carried away in this newfound joy that we would burn anything we got our hands on with the candle flame.

Present day, we have a wider range of lanterns for kids to carry around during mid-autumn festival. There are the plastic ones which run on batteries. Some of these are so sophicated that they have music embedded in them. We still have the paper ones but the colorful ones on bamboo frames are a rare find now.

A few days ago, on the 15th day of lunar 8th month (22/9/2010), I was on my way home after an evening tuition. I saw parents helping their young kids alighting their lantern's flame in my neighbourhood playground. Some were demonstrating to their kids how to wave the sparkling sticks while the elderly folks gathered around chattering and savoring their mooncakes and tea. Of course, there were also clusters of mischievous older youngsters squatted at corners figeting the flames. It was quite a relaxing mood then.

I was glad the mid-autumn festive was celebrating with similar traditional fanfare here in my neighbourhood, with candles and paper lanterns. I did not see any plastic batteries-operated lanterns that evening. Maybe, there is a conspiracy amongst the adults that the paper ones are much more fun to "play" with.

I smiled on my way home.

About Rachel

I've known Rachel since she was 8 yrs old. She was loud, outspoken and tomboyish then.

Not long after she was in the student care centre where i worked as a teacher, i got to learn that her parents had divorced, and Rachel and her 2 older brothers live with their mother and grandmother.

Things had gone from bad to worse for Rachel when her mother later re-married and has 2 other girls. She had left Rachel and her brothers to fense for themselves with the 80 yrs-old grandma.

For a seaon, Rachel was not motivated to study and became very tempermental. She would often come to school very late and drowned herself with long-hours of computer gaming in the arcade, and even in her friends' homes. Her addiction had become so bad that she would squandered away the $60 monthly pocket allowance, which her estranged dad provided, within a week in the arcade.

With no money left for the month, I would often see the girl skipped her lunch and sometimes chew sandwiches brought from home. I had a hard time in coaxing her to be thrifty with her allowances. I had even handheld her in weekly budgetting but my effort was in vain. The girl could not and did not want to quit her gaming addiction. And this habit had isolated her from building meaningful friendship with kids around her. For a while, the girl were lazy and unmotivated.

Rachel is now a teenager studying in secondary one. She came to visit me on 1/9/2010 Teachers' Day together with the other kids. She was ceremonially late as usual. However, unlike before, the girl has exercised the initiative to help me to pack right after the others had left my place. To me, this is new milestone from Rachel 'cos previously she never seemed to take any initiative to help me in anything.

Being a class monitor now, she explained that she has gone for leadership training in school. And if she should fail to exercise intiative, she would be reprimanded by the teachers. I told her that I am very pleased with her transformation and encouraged her.

With given time, a child surrounds with positive influences would surely be transformed into a beautiful "butterfly". We, as adults, just have to be patient :)

Teacher's Day

Since school days, my birthday has always been celebrated together with Teacher's Day. Simple, just 2 days after my birthday would be Teacher's Day. My classmates would often sing me birthday song right after presenting the cake to the teacher. It was often a dual celebration. Strange but memorable.

Years later after i have stepped into the society to work, my birthday celebration has never been far from Teacher's Day.

This year i had my birthday celebration with my extended family - parents, in-laws, niece and nephews. It was quite a fanfair but i enjoyed it, consider i've often made effort to celebrate theirs. So i'm reaping what i've sown.

2 days later, my kids (x-students and current tuition kids) gave me Teacher's Day gifts and wishing me "Happy Teacher's Day".

It is a nice feeling to know that many people, young and old, still love me :D

What is The Love Language of Your Loved Ones?

Whenever my 8 years old nephew come over for sleepover, i would often see a certain aspect of him which i don't get to see when he is with his parents or grandparents. And that's he being very affectionate to my hubby.

He would climb onto my hubby's lap and act like a baby. He would playfully wrestle with him on the floor and also occasionally hold onto my hubby's hand whenever we are trudging about outside.

Strange, he does not do those things with me except our regular good-bye hug.

Just the other evening, he suddenly ran and held onto my hubby's hand and sweetly called him "Papa, you are a good papa."

Coming from a family who are not into such affectionate display, i guess we have all recklessly deprived him of his love language - that's the sense of touch. And I'm glad that his need is met by my hubby who shares the same.

How about you? What is the love language of your loved ones? Is it sense of touch, spending quality time, receiving gifts, need of affirmation or acts of service?

Maybe it is time to find them out and express our love to them in their love language.

Boy Not Motivated to Study

Recently I have a new student. A bright boy, the only son of a middle-aged parents. Initially he was quite well behaved and diligently did most of the homework I'd assigned him. But later, he began to "show" his true color.

He would stare blankly and often wonder off during my one-to-one tuition lesson. He would ask me questions to deviate from what I was trying to teach him. I didn't mind that as I always believe in imparting out-of-textbook-knowledge to a curious mind. And I could still able to re-direct his young mind to our lesson.

Sadly, his parents did not see or appreciate the "additional" things I discussed with the boy. They deemed that I was not doing my job well and their son not motivated to study. So my assignment with this boy was short-lived.

Yes, this boy is not motivated to study. How could a child be motivated when he has been having a tutor since primary 2 (now he is a primary 5 student)? He has been so well "taken care of" since young academically and physically. He has never need to struggle to "find his way".  Or maybe he has tried but his effort was not encouraged.

Boys have their unique way of learning which is very different from girls'. They are always curious of things outside their world. I think we have to accomodate their difference.

A Lesson on Budgetting

Yesterday I bought my 8-yr-old nephew to an optical shop nearby to have a spectacle made. He was diagnosed short-sighted months ago but his parents have not been doing anything about it. Maybe they are cash-tight.

After a thorough check-up, it was confirmed that his left eye has short-sightedness. He dutifully tried on a few spectacle frame models to select his first "facial" accessory.

Unfortunately the particular model he picked costed S$100 which was way out of my budget. I frankly told him that and suggested him to select a cheaper frame so that I can still have some cash to get him a birthday present next month. Otherwise, it would be that S$100 frame and no present.

Being a subject of pampering from grandparents and parents, it was a tough decison for him, but a good exercise for him to realise that he cannot always have "his cake and eat it".

So he finally chose the cheaper S$68 frame.

Later when my dad, his doting grandfather, came to pick him home, I told him what happened. Unknowingly, my father drove him back to the optical shop, topped-up the $32 difference, and the boy finally had his frame changed to the S$100 one.

I know, it was such a let-down. The doting grand-dad had ruined the budgetting life-lesson I was trying to impart onto the boy.

When it comes to rearing children, sometimes "so many cooks really spoil the broth".

A Trip to the Bank

Two months ago, I brought my 10-yr old niece to a bank to deposit her years of saving. Not much, just S$93. On our way out, I teased her that she is a rich young girl now. And with a few more dollars, she would have a hundred dollar saving in her bank account.

Eversince that trip, she has become very motivated and commited to set aside part of her daily pocket money for saving.

A few days ago, my dad sent her and her brother to school. He gave them each $4 (which is excessive for a primary school kid) before parted. Later, my mom (their grandma) enquired how they spent their fortune that day. And my niece proudly announced that she put aside $1.80 for her saving. But as for my nephew, he could not account for them much. Most properly he has spent the entire $4.

Personally I'm very encouraged by the change of money sense in the girl. That simple bank trip has somewhat spurred her on to be prudent with money.

Now, I have to coax the boy to go to the bank with me. 

Boys who grew up with me

I often felt like SnowWhite while I was with these small people...

Our future Mr Universe...

Pardon them, they were rather exhausted here...

A visit to The Hiding Place (a local drug rehab centre).

Can you spot the girls amongst the boys?

Boys going to be men...

Tears of my niece

Two Saturdays back, i bought my niece and nephew for a movie treat - Despicable Me.


Along our 20 minutes car ride, my niece burst into tears as she told me how hurt she was by her dad, my brother, in one of their family outing. She sobbed bitterly as she narrated how my hot-fused brother pinched her when she failed to cross the road properly together.


My heart ached for her as I listened. I offered her tissue papers from my front seat as she aired out her pain and sorrow. i knew she needed a listening ear.


We laughed a lot in the movie. Her countenance changed thereafter. I believe it was the right time to bring them out. I can't change my brother's way of handling his kids. I just hope that by simply offering my niece my time and attention, it will make her growing-up journey more bearable.

The Boy's "Armpit" Pop

I've been teaching this particular group of 10-yrs-old boys for almost half year. They are always very loud and rowdy in class. For the past few lessons, they often did this silly antics one after another - that's to cup their left hand under their right armpit and flapped hard to produce a loud pop sound. I called that their "armpit" jokes.

 

It was silly and they often had a (not a but many) good laugh out of it. I gave them several warnings to stop that in my lesson as they were very distracting and disrupting. But my chiding fell onto deaf ears.

 

Finally two weeks ago, I sternly issued my last warning. I told them whoever did that would have to hold onto an object under their armpits till the end of the lesson. It sounded funny to them initially but, my acting was good, I delivered my verbal threat with the "I-mean-it" look.

 

Moments later, I heard a pop behind me followed by several low "All..".  I knew who did it. Without hesitation, I took out my sturdy personal hole-puncher and ordered him to hold it under his armpit till the class ended. There were some tension in the air. I held onto my stern-looking facial muscles. Everybody knew that boy had crossed the boundary I'd set earlier. Visibly embarrassed, he softly said he wouldn't do it again. And I let him off the hook after a long hard stare.

 

Their armpit jokes had ceased since then. Boys would always come out with some silly antics, we have to match them by being creative with something equally silly to deal with them. Come to think about it... that episode was really very funny :)

About a boy called Xiao Long

During my second year stay in the student care centre, Xiao Long (name of student has been changed to protect the child) was one of the 30-boy-dominating-P2 under my charge. Xiao Long parents are from Xiwan, a small township in Johore, Malaysia. They are blue-collar workers and rented a room with a relative nearby the school. Xiao Long is their only child.



Xiao Long academic performance was below average and had been put in the last 2 classes throughout his stay in primary school. Scoring single digit grade was a norm and the family could not afford any private tuition for him. Even his stay in the centre was on grant as there was no adult at home to supervise the kid during the day.


Perhaps Xiao Long came from a rather layback or different environment, he had problem mixing with the local kids. He craved for attention but often unwittingly made a laughing stock out of himself. He was always at odd with his peers and also the other students in the center.


Being a teacher, Xiao Long was not a like-able candidate to work with. So he was academically weak I thought naively. There must be still something in him that I could still help. But I was in for much disappointment. Xiao Long often maintained that he was right and refused to be corrected - not just study-wise but also in his behavior. Each time after I corrected him, he would remorse momentarily and then went back to his old ways.


Sometimes Xiao Long would tell his doting dad partial truth about incidents happened to him in the centre, and got his dad livid to confront me or even my boss. And each time after learning the truth from us, he would become embarrassed and left the centre.




Like the son, Xiao Long’s dad also lacked the ability to learn from past mistake and kept coming back to us. Instead of learning how to find out the truth from his son, he would often become upset about us and complained that we mistreated his son. It was indeed a frustrating experience to work with both the father and son for the past few years.


Later, I learnt that Xiao Long’s mum separated from the dad. And the boy has been living with his dad without much contact with his mother.


It has been almost two years since I last saw Xiao Long. He is now a 14 yr-old youth studying in secondary school and I’d lost touch with him. Just a month ago, in June, I received a surprise phone-call from him. He told me how he was doing in secondary school, how he got my number and that he would like to visit me.

I find this very ironical. Here is a boy whom I’d written off as “un-teachable” after years of attempt. I scolded him a lot more than others and yet he bothers to look out for me and contact me. I must have done something right after all.

I was touched by the work in Shelter Don Bonco

Last Thursday 1/7/2010 evening was a rare one whereby I do not have any tuition. One of my students had postponed the lesson to celebrate her mum’s birthday. With not much to do, I turned into a crouch-potato. I came upon this interesting Channel 8 program “Star for a Cause” whereby a local celebrities couple Darren and Evelyn did a video-journal on their volunteering experience in a youth shelter named Shelter Don Bonsco in Mumbai, India.


All of the kids there are boys from 8 to 17 years old. They were either formerly sold to factories as workers or members of the beggar syndicates. They used to roam on the streets to steal, beg or involve in drug dealings.

A lovely lady Gracie regularly combs through the street to bring some of these lost street kids to the shelter, to house them and help them re-adjust back into the society. Besides providing basic education, they also give them skill training such as computer, candle-making etc.

However, some of these kids are so used to the carefree life on the street that they could not adjust well to the regimen in the home and ran away. Hence, only a handful of them find purpose in the home stay and benefit from there.

There are many areas in the program that touch me deeply. Firstly, the persistence spirit of Gracie who does not give up those boys who ran away and keeps looking out for them on the street. She could have easily gotten a better paying job but she has been staying with the shelter for 20 years. I really admire the compassion that she has for the youth in Mumbai. If only many of us bother so much like her, then our world will be such a better place.

Secondly, the magnanimous spirit of the volunteers there. One of them has amply said that we could give these kids money and other material things. But nothing beats it by spending time with them and empowering these kids with education.

A national hockey coach was one of the volunteers too. He regularly trains the boys in the game and also generously provides them free hockey uniforms and gears. He is very rich but he is one of the rare gems who bother to “roll up his sleeves” to help these street kids instead of merely issuing checks.

Lastly, another volunteer wisely wrapped up the reason behind all these … an idling mind is a devil playground, so by constantly keeping these kids occupy with meaningful things, they will not have the time to do much foolish things.

To find out more about Shelter Don Bosco, go to http://www.shelterdonbonsco.org/

Other charity projects embark by Star for a Cause, go to www.xinmsn.com/starsforacause

My Happy Learning Place

Raising Cain DVD - Review

Introduction




This is a 2-hr PBS documentary which explores the emotional development of boys in America today. Dr Thompson conducted in-depth interviews with various boys from birth through high school, of different race and socio-economical backgrounds. His candid interviews reveal the many challenges and confusion all boys encounter while growing up in America.




This video is an eye-opener which reveals:

1. How and why boys are being stifled in their development by society, by stereo-typing and also by educational system which is inclined towards girls’ development.

2. How the lack of positive adult-male role models give rise to boy’s decline in classroom performance, rise in violent outbreaks and inability to communicate inner feelings.

At the end of each section, Dr Thompson models ways for parents, educators and counselors to engage boys and help them discuss many internal issues they have conflicts with.

Though the video focuses on American boys, I can easily identify many similar issues which also exist locally, in Singapore.

Yes, there are many interesting parenting books in the market about raising boys. And it would take a while to read and “digest” their content. This video has cleverly condensed the essence of the problems in raising boys in such an easy and comprehensive manner that I believe it can speed up our learning curve in raising our boys.

I highly recommend this Raising Cain video to parents, educators and anyone who works with boys, and is interested in raising happy and successful boys.

Raising boys is not difficult – by understanding their physical and emotional needs, half of our "battle" is won

Learn from me, I had acquired the life-skills of raising boys by:-

1) Observing how those matured and experienced men love and work with  boys.

In my instance, I learnt it by working closely for 3 years with the male volunteers in The Boy’s Brigade. You can find these good male role-models at home, in school, church or any established organization whereby they focus mainly working with boys, with the aim to nurture and groom them well into their manhood.



2) Learning from the Experts

I was fortunate to stumble upon Dr Michael Thompson’s Book – Raising Cain: Protecting the Emotional Life of Boys. He has helped me to understand better the psychological development of boys especially the struggles most of them encounter silently in their growing up years – which are surprisingly different from the girls’.

Truly, he has empowered me with the necessary knowledge in my own journey in raising boys.

3) Having more hands-on practices

I worked as a care-giver to schooling kids in a student care centre for 5 years. With no officer’s uniform donning upon me, the respect or the speaking right I had to the boys had to be earned through my daily dealing with them. And I mean many daily dealings.

By applying all the experience and knowledge I had over there, I have won many boys over. They are generally more co-operative, respectful and obedient under my care. They give me certain privileges which they don’t give to other teachers in the center. And that makes me often an object of envy amongst my colleges.

My strongly encourage parents and teachers to equip themselves with necessary knowledge and skills in raising their boys. They are not that difficult to handle. Believe me. After all, our boys would not be with us long. Before you know it, they will be young men soon. Some will be great men, some will be our average Johns and sadly some may seem to have problem of growing up – and I see a lot of such “casualties” in our modern society.

 

Equipped yourselves… and read on books and DVDs on Raising Boys...